Reference:http://knoworacle.wordpress.com/2008/08/11/oracle-technical-faq-part-1/

1) What are the background processes in Oracle and what are they?
Ans: This is one of the most frequently asked question. There are basically 9 processes but in a general system we need t mention the first five background processes. They do the house keeping activities for the Oracle and are common in any system
The various background processes in oracle are
a) Data base writer (DBWR) : Data Base Writer writes modified blocks from databas buffer cache to Datafiles. This is required since the data is not written whenever a transaction is commited.
b) LogWriter(LGWR) : LogWriter writes the redo log entries to disk. Redo log data is generated in redo log buffer of SGA. As transaction commits and logs buffer fills, LGWR writes log entries into a online redo log file.
c) System Monitor (SMON) : The System Monitor performs instance recovery at instance startup. This is useful for recovery from system failure.
d) Process Monitor (PMON) : The Process Monitor performs process recovery when user process fails. Pmon clears and frees resources that process was using.
e) CheckPoint (CKPT): At specified times, all modified database buffers in SGA are written to data files by DBWR at checkpoints and updating all data files and control files of database to indicate the most recent checkpoint.
f) Archiever (ARCH) : The archiever copies online redo log files to archival storal when they are busy.
g) recoveror (RECO) : The recoveror is used to reslove the distributed transaction in network.
h) Dispatcher (Dnnn) : The Dispatcher is useful in Multi Threaded Architecture.
i) Lckn : We can have upto 10 lock processed for inter instance locking in parallel sql.

Q2) How many types of sql statements are there in Oracle?
A2) There are basically 6 types of sql statements. They are
a) Data defination Language (DDL) : The DDL statements define and maintain objects and drop objects.
b) Data Manipulation Language (DML) : The DML statements manipulate database data
c) Transaction Control Statements : Manage change by DML
d) Session Control : Used to control the properties of current session enabling and disabling roles and changing e.g. Alter statements , Set Role
e) System Control Statements : Change properties of Oracle Instance e.g. Alter System
f) Embedded Sql : Incorporate DDL, DML and TCS in processing Languagel e.g. Using the SQL statements in language such as ‘C’, Open, Fetch, Execute and close

Q3) What is a transaction in Oracle ?
A3) A transaction is a logical unit of work that compromises one or more SQL statements executed by a simple user. According to ANSI, a transaction begins with first executable statement and ends when it is explicitly commited or rolled back.

Q4) What are the key words used in Oracle?
A4) The key words that are used in Oracle are
a) Commiting : A transaction is said to be commited when the transaction makes permanent changes resulting from the SQL statements
b) Rollback : A transaction that retracts any of the changes resulting from SQL statements in Transaction.
c) Savepoint : For long transactions that contain many SQL statements , intermediate markers or savepoints are declared. Savepointes can be used to divide a transaction into smaller points.
d) Rolling forward : Process of applying redo log during recovery is called rolling forward.
e) Cursor : A cursor is a handle (name or a pointer) for the memory associated with a specific statement. A cursor is basically an area allocated by Oracle for executing the SQL statement. Oracle uses an implicit cursor statement for single row query and uses Explicit cursor for a multirow query.
f) System Global Area (SGA) : The SGA is a shared memory region allocated by the Oracle that contains Data and control information for one Oracle Instance. It consists of Database buffre cache and redo log buffer.
g) Program Global Area (PGA) : The PGA is a memory buffer that contains data and control information for server process.
h) Database Buffer Cache : Database buffer of SGA stores he most recently used blcoks of database data. The set of database buffers in an instance is called Database Buffer Cache.
i) Redo log buffer : Redo log buffer of SGA stores all the redo log entries.
j) Redo log files :Redo log files are set of files that protect altered database in memory that has been not written to Data files. They are basically used for backup when a database crashes.
k) Process : A process is a ‘thread of control’ or mechanism in Operating System that executes series of steps

Q5) What are procedures, functions and packages?
A5) Procedures and functions consist of set of PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
Procedure do not return values while functions return one and only one value.
Packages provide a method of encapsulating and storing related procedures, functions and other package contents.

How to create a menu function to launch a concurrent request , request group and a request set ?
Create a Function and assign Form name “Run Reports” Request:Pass parameters PROGRAM_APPL_SHORT_NAME=”” CONCURRENT_PROGRAM_NAME=””. Request Group:
Pass parameters REQUEST_GROUP_CODE=”<>” REQUEST_GROUP_APPL_SHORT_NAME=”<>”

Request Set : Pass parameters REQUEST_SET_NAME = “<>” SET_APPL_SHORT_NAME =”<>” SUBMIT_ONCE (default ’N’) Note : SUBMIT_ONCE can be set to either Y or N ( N is the default). SUBMIT_ONCE is used in conjunction with CONCURRENT_PROGRAM_NAME or REQUEST_SET_NAME. If SUBMIT_ONCE is set to Y, then the form will exit after the Submit button is clicked.

what is a flexfield qualifier ?
Oracle Applications products use flexfield qualifiers to identify certain segments used for specific purposes. eg: segment named ‘Account’ is qualified as ‘Natural Account’so that it identifies Accounts, similarly a segment named ‘Company’ can be qualified as ‘Balancing Segment’, i.e, for these segment values B/S can be brought out in Accounting Flexfield in GL.
A flexfield is made of segments and oracle identifies if particular segment in the accounting flexfield is an account segment or a company segment, based on some predefined values called as flexfield qualifiers which are assigned to the segments to look meaningful for defining the accounting flexfield. Eg: Account segment uses Natural Account segment and the company segment uses Balancing segment are mandatory for defining the accounting flexfield. Other values are Cost center segment, Inter company segment, secondary tracking segment

What is the difference between configuration, conversion, and customization?
Conversion ,customization and configuration are part of an oracle implementation project they come in this order
1. configuration/set up
2. Customization
3. Conversion
Configuration is setting up customer specific requirement which generally exist in oracle apps customization is filling the gap between oracle apps and Customer requirement by developing some extension and solution design
Customization is relatively different thing, something that is not a part of oracle apps core product but the client requirement demands it we go for Customization. If the functionality demanded by the client exists in the application, it is to be configured according to his needs by taking some data, this is called configuration
Conversion is structural change of customer data in a form which is compatible with oracle database best of luck. Conversion is the process of mapping the tables from a legacy system to apps system. Sometimes conversions can be from one version to other

Where we can check the status of PO.
In po_headers_all authorization_status coloumn is their we can find through this coloumn

What is back order in OM
There are few reasons that a scheduled order could be Backordered during pick release process.
1. In-sufficient onhand
2. Order might be put as ‘Pick release hold’
3. If it’s a lot controlled item being involved then some of the factors will be checking at picking rule setup (like Lot- expiration date, etc) and tured to ‘Backordered’ incase the criteria does not meet.

Where we find the status of order information.
Order header status is in oe_order_headers_all table reference with flow_status_code column and order line status would be oe_order_lines_all table reference with flow_status_code column.

What are the tables of auto invoice?
RA_INTERFACE_LINES_ALL, RA_INTERFACE_DISTRIBUTIONS_ALL ARE THE TWO INTERFACE TABLES MAINLY USED BT AUTOINVOICE. FURTHER DATA READ FROM THESE TABLES WILL BE INSERTED INTO RA_CUSTOMER_TRX_ALL , RA_CUSTOMER_TRX_LINES_ALL , RA_CUST_TRX_LINE_GL_DIST_ALL , AR_PAYMENT_SCHEDULES_ALL AFTER VALIDATING.

For report i have to parameters those are from_date and to_date ,so to_date should be greater when compare to from_date ,if we are giving to_date is less then it must shows some error how we will make it.
While defining Parameters you can set range option(in concurrent prog parameters window). Select low for from_Date and high for to_Date.Then it will not allow for from_date > to_date.

How to find the custom directory in front end.
From Application Developer responsibility, navigate to Application –> Register. Query for the custom application name. The value in the field Basepath, is the OS system variable that stores the actual directory info.

What are the execution methods in oracle apps?
1. Host
2. Immediate
3. Java Stored Procedure
4. Java Concurrent Program
5. Multi Language Function
6. Oracle Reports
7. Request Set Stage Function
8. Pl/Sql Stored Procedure
9. Spawned
10. Sql*Lodar
11. Sql*Plus
12. Perl Concurrent Program

What are APIs
API stands for application program interface. Oracle has its own api facility to transfer data from a external source to oracle base table so api is an standard oracle tool to transfer data to oracle database. It is a very simple method and a person with no technical background also can use api. Example-uploading journal and budget data through API.

Q11 ) What is SET-OF-BOOKS?

Collection of Chat of Accounts and Currency and Calendars is called SOB

Q12 ) What is the interface?

Interface Table is a table which is used as medium for transfer of data between two systems.

Q13 Tell me what is the procedure to develop an interface?

a. First we will get the Requirement document.b. We will create control file based on that plot file.c. Then the control files which loads the data into staging tables.d. Through pl/sql programs we will mapping and validate the data and then dump into the interface tables.e. Through the standard programs we will push the data from interface tables to Base tables.

Q14) What is multi org?

“Legal entity has more than one operating unit is called as multi org”a) Business group — Human resources information is secured by Business groupb) Legal entity. — inter-company and fiscal/tax reporting.c) Operating unit — secures AR, OE, AP, PA and PO Information.d) Organizations — is a specialize unit of work at particular locations

Q15) What are the User PARAMETERS in the Reports?P_CONC_REQUEST_IDP_FLEX_VALUE

Q16) FND USER EXITS:-

FND SRWINIT sets your profile option values, multiple organizations and allows Oracle Application Object Library user exits to detect that they have been called by an Oracle Reports program.FND SRWEXIT ensures that all the memory allocated for AOL user exits have been freed up properly.FND FLEXIDVAL are used to display flex field information like prompt, value etcFND FLEXSQL these user exits allow you to use flex fields in your reportsFND FORMAT_CURRENCY is used to print currency in various formats by using formula column

Q17) what are the two parameters that are mandatory for pl/sql type concurrent program?Procedure/function (ERRBUF OUTRETCODE OUT………………….)ERRBUF :- Used to write the error message to log or request file.RETCODE :- Populate log request file with program submission details info.

Q18.) What is Value Set?

–The value set is a collection (or) container of values.–When ever the value set associated with any report parameters. It provides list of values to the end user to accept one of the values as report parameter value.n If the list of values needed to be dynamic and ever changing and define a table based values set.

Q19) What r the validation types in Value Set?

1) None ——– validation is minimal.2) Independent ——input must exist on previously defined list of values3) Dependent ——input is checked against a subset of values based on aprior value.3) Table —– input is checked against values in an application table4) Special ——values set uses a flex field itself.5) Pair —— two flex fields together specify a range of valid values.6) Translatable independent —– input must exist on previously defined listof values; translated values can be used.7) Translatable dependent ——- input is checked against a subset of valuesbased on a prior values; translated value can be used.

Q20) Who information’s?

1) Created by2) Creation date3) Last _updated by4) last_update_date